![]() Some produce other desirable materials, for example gutta-percha ( Palaquium gutta) and chicle from Manilkara species. Some of them require more elaborate processing to produce anything like usable rubber, and most are more difficult to tap. Many other plants produce forms of latex rich in isoprene polymers, though not all produce usable forms of polymer as easily as the Pará. In collaboration with Continental Tires, IME began a pilot facility. In 2013, by inhibiting one key enzyme and using modern cultivation methods and optimization techniques, scientists in the Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology (IME) in Germany developed a cultivar of the Kazakh dandelion ( Taraxacum kok-saghyz) that is suitable for commercial production of natural rubber. In Nazi Germany, research projects tried to use dandelions as a base for rubber production, but failed. In the wild types of dandelion, latex content is low and varies greatly. The latex exhibits the same quality as the natural rubber from rubber trees. spp.) Ĭongo rubber, formerly a major source of rubber, which motivated the atrocities in the Congo Free State, came from vines in the genus Landolphia ( L. Congo rubber ( Landolphia owariensis and L. A properly managed tree responds to wounding by producing more latex for several years. This species is preferred because it grows well under cultivation. Once native to Brazil, the species is now pan-tropical. ![]() The major commercial source of natural rubber latex is the Amazonian rubber tree ( Hevea brasiliensis), a member of the spurge family, Euphorbiaceae. Varieties Amazonian rubber tree ( Hevea brasiliensis) Industrial demand for rubber-like materials began to outstrip natural rubber supplies by the end of the 19th century, leading to the synthesis of synthetic rubber in 1909 by chemical means. In most of its useful forms, it has a large stretch ratio and high resilience and also is water-proof. Natural rubber is used extensively in many applications and products, either alone or in combination with other materials. The coagulated lumps are collected and processed into dry forms for sale. In major areas, latex is allowed to coagulate in the collection cup. The latex then is refined into the rubber that is ready for commercial processing. The latex is a sticky, milky and white colloid drawn off by making incisions in the bark and collecting the fluid in vessels in a process called "tapping". Types of polyisoprene that are used as natural rubbers are classified as elastomers.Ĭurrently, rubber is harvested mainly in the form of the latex from the rubber tree ( Hevea brasiliensis) or others. ![]() ![]() Thailand, Malaysia, Indonesia, and Cambodia are four of the leading rubber producers. Rubber, also called India rubber, latex, Amazonian rubber, caucho, or caoutchouc, as initially produced, consists of polymers of the organic compound isoprene, with minor impurities of other organic compounds. Latex being collected from a tapped rubber tree, Cameroon Rubber tree plantation in Thailand Pieces of natural vulcanized rubber at Hutchinson's Research and Innovation Center in France. For man-made rubber materials, see Synthetic rubber. This article is about the polymeric material "natural rubber".
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